The British golfer beat Haotong Li after a dramatic play-off.
Rose went into the tournament in Antalya as the defending champion but had it all to do on the final day with China’s Li leading by three shots.
Li finished his final round on even par while Rose shot three under to force a play-off.
Rose managed to come out on top and by doing so returned to the top of the world rankings.
The Englishman held the spot earlier this year but for only one tournament before being deposed by American Dustin Johnson.
Victory in Turkey was the only way Rose could reclaim top spot but he went into it aware history was against him.
Rose, in his 20 year career, had never successfully defended a title.
He said: "It means a lot. It's nice to get back there. Maybe it's even sweeter to get back there.
"This was one I definitely wanted to win."
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