Black holes are regions of spacetime that form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycles and can continue to grow by absorbing stars and merging with other black holes. This interaction allows scientists to identify their presence, as electromagnetic radiation is given off as visible light across space. But there is one glaring problem.
These space phenomenons appear to reject the basic laws of quantum mechanics and Albert Einstein’s general relativity theory by swallowing physical information and making it permanently disappear.
Italian astrophysicist Fabio Pacucci explained during his TedTalk in November 2019: “Scientists work on the boundaries of the unknown, where every new piece of knowledge forms a path into a void of uncertainty and nothing is more uncertain than a paradox.
“Throughout history, paradoxes have threatened to undermine everything we know, and just as often, they reshape our understanding of the world.
“Today, one of the biggest paradoxes in the universe threatens to unravel the theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics, the black hole information paradox.
It could rewrite everything scientists thought they knew about physics.
Fabio Pacucci
“Typically the information we talk about is visible to the naked eye, every object in the universe is composed of particles with unique quantum properties.
“This idea is evoked most significantly in a vital law of physics, the total amount of quantum information in the universe must be conserved.”
Dr Pacucci went into more detail about the anomaly.
He added: “Even if you destroy an object beyond recognition, its quantum information is never permanently deleted.
“And, theoretically, knowledge of that information would allow us to recreate the object from its particle components.
“Conservation of information isn’t just an arbitrary rule, but a mathematical necessity, upon which much of modern science is built.
“But around black holes, those foundations get shaken, when something enters, it seems it leaves the universe, and all its quantum information becomes lost.
Dr Pacucci then explained why such a discovery threatens to rewrite everything scientists thought they knew about physics.
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He continued: “It’s possible that as a black hole swallows an object, it also grows large enough to conserve the object’s quantum information.
“But whether that information is conserved inside the black hole or on its surface is unknown.
“The questions it raises for physics are far more urgent, that destruction of information would force us to rewrite some of our most fundamental scientific theories.
“Researchers are looking into a broad range of solutions for the information paradox.”
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