From Armistice Day celebrations in Birmingham to treatments for injured servicemen and military equipment being repurposed for civilian use, the images show the fallout from the war and the new world that emerged.
They are part of an exhibition of more than 130 black and white photographs, documents and objects from the Imperial War Museums' archives, Renewal: Life after the First World War in Photographs.
They include rarely seen photographs such as images of 32,000 destroyed German rifles, a shearing machine cutting sword blades in half and the German battleship SMS Bayern sinking at Scapa Flow.
The exhibition at IWM London charts the initial optimism after the end of the First World War.
But it also reveals the extent of destruction and dislocation it left behind, and how the promise of rebuilding the world did not always deliver.
While the Belgian city of Ypres which was devastated by the fighting was rebuilt along its medieval lines, in the UK social measures such as "homes fit for heroes" ran out of money.
The exhibition also shows the ingenuity employed in helping servicemen injured in the conflict, through plastic surgery and prosthetic limbs.
And it highlights how companies such as aeroplane manufacturers switched tack to survive, in one case initially by bolting wicker chairs inside bombers to develop civil aviation as a peacetime alternative to warplanes.
Alan Wakefield, head of First World War and early 20th century conflict at IWM, said: "Drawing primarily on IWM's rich and varied photography archive, this new exhibition presents images from both official and personal collections, giving insight into the innovation, opportunism and resourcefulness that shaped the rebuilding and regeneration of the post-war world.
"Both surprising and inspiring, the exhibition highlights the resilience and ingenuity of the human spirit in a time of unprecedented social and political change."
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