We know air pollution is bad news and can lead to respiratory problems, cardiovascular problems and exacerbate the symptoms of pre-existing conditions, like asthma, according to the World Health Organization. But it can also affect pregnant people and their fetuses. The WHO notes that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy can cause adverse birth outcomes, such as low birth weight, pre-term birth and small gestational age births. And now, a new study reveals pollution may pose a bigger threat to pregnancy than we initially thought.
According to the study, conducted by researchers at the University of Utah and published in Fertility and Sterility, when women are exposed to high levels of pollutants, they have an increased risk of miscarriage.
Dr. Matthew Fuller, assistant professor of Surgery at U of U Health and senior author of the paper, decided to conduct the study when he observed a strange pattern.
“Not being from Salt Lake originally, I noticed a pattern in the relation to air quality and pregnancy loss,” Fuller said in a statement. “I knew this was an understudied question so we decided to dig deeper.”
And he did. With the help of his peers, Fuller analyzed data on over 1,300 women, all of which sought help at the U of U emergency department following a miscarriage. What researchers found was that women exposed to elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide were more likely to experience miscarriage. In fact, the risk went up by 16 percent.
However, research analyst Claire Leiser and fellow author of the study, acknowledged there were several limitations.
“We are really only seeing the most severe cases during a small window of time,” Leiser said in the statement. “These results are not the whole picture.”
Additionally, the women in the study were concentrated to one part of the state — the Wasatch Front region — so the results might not translate to other populations.
That said, Fuller believes these problems are not unique.
“As the planet warms and population booms, air pollution is going to become a bigger problem not only in the developing world but across the United States,” Fuller said, “and we need to work together as a society to find constructive solutions.”
As such, pregnant or not, we should all be mindful of carbon footprint because pollution has (and will continue to) affect our health.
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